Information: Croatia

Rijeka oil refinery - Urinj location

2011-09-14T11:58:00.000+02:00

Urinj is located at the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, taking up 3.5 square kilometers of coastal area of Kostrena and Bakar, 12 kilometers to the south of Rijeka. It is the shortest and most convenient connection with central Europe and with the Mediterranean. At its locations in Rijeka, INA, d.d. has a road, railway, marine and pipeline infrastructure for supply and shipment of goods, crude oil and petroleum derivates.

Urinj location is connected by a sea line – 7.2 km long and 20" in diameter - with the port and petroleum terminal in Omišalj, on the island of Krk (JANAF).

Rijeka oil refinery - Urinj location

The production program of INA’s refineries includes: Liquefied Petroleum Gas, virgin naphtha, motor gasoline, kerosene, aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuels, fuel oil, bunkers and liquid sulphur. The quality of products is regulated by INA’s, Croatian and European standards, and production according to buyers’ special requests, stipulated in contracts, is also an option.

Source: ina.hr

Rafinerija nafte Rijeka - lokacija Urinj

2011-09-14T11:55:00.003+02:00

Rafinerija nafte Rijeka, lokacija Urinj smještena je u vrhu Jadranskog mora, na 3,5 četvorna kilometra priobalnog područja Kostrene i Bakra, 12 kilometara južno od Rijeke, najkraće i najpogodnije veze srednje Europe do Mediterana.

INA d.d. na lokacijama u Rijeci ima cestovnu, željezničku, morsku i cjevovodnu infrastrukturu za za dopremu i otpremu roba, sirove nafte i naftnih derivata. Lokacija Urinj povezana je podmorskim naftovodom - dugim 7,2 km, promjera 20" - s lukom i naftnim terminalom u Omišlju na otoku Krku (JANAF).

Rafinerija nafte Rijeka - lokacija Urinj

U proizvodnom programu Rafinerije nafte Rijeka - lokacija Urinj su: ukapljeni naftni plin, primarni benzin, motorni benzini, petroleji, gorivo za mlazne motore, dizelska goriva, loživa ulja, brodska goriva, tekući sumpor. Kvaliteta proizvoda regulirana je Ininim, hrvatskim i europskim normama, a moguća je i proizvodnja prema posebnim zahtjevima kupaca, utvrđena posebnim Ugovorima.

Izvor: ina.hr

Krk Bridge

2011-09-14T11:14:00.002+02:00

Krk Bridge (Croatian: Krčki most) is a 1430 m long reinforced concrete arch bridge connecting the Croatian island of Krk to the mainland and carrying over a million vehicles per year. The longer of the bridge's two arches is the second longest concrete arch in the world and among the longest arches of any construction. The bridge was completed and opened in July 1980 and originally named Titov most ("Tito's bridge") in honor of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito, who had died two months prior.

Construction

The bridge was designed by Ilija Stojadinović in cooperation with Vukan Njagulj and Bojan Možina , and built by Mostogradnja Belgrade and Hidroelektra Zagreb, between 1976 and 1980, using cantilever construction with temporary cable-stays. Structurally, the bridge consists of two reinforced concrete arch spans, which rest on the islet of Sveti Marko between Krk and the mainland. The length of the longer arch is 390 m (actually 416 m, a part of the bow is in the water), which made it the longest concrete arch at the time of construction, the distinction it held until it was surpassed by Wanxian Bridge (420 m length of arch) in 1997.

Krk Bridge

Traffic

Krk Bridge connects the island's 17,860 (2001) inhabitants and its tourist resorts to Jadranska magistrala, the main-road along the Adriatic coast. It also connects the city of Rijeka to Rijeka Airport, which is situated on Krk. In the first 20 years of its existence, the bridge was crossed by 27 million vehicles, more than double of ferry traffic to and from the island. The increasing levels of traffic warrant a larger replacement bridge which is currently in planning stages.

Source: wikipedia.org

Krčki most

2011-09-14T10:59:00.000+02:00

Krčki most (stari naziv: Titov most) je most koji spaja otok Krk s hrvatskom obalom.

Zemljopis

Krčki most je izgrađen je na području između uvala Črišnjevo i Skot, a koje se nalaze u općini Kraljevica, s kopnene strane, na otoku Sveti Marko i na području općine Omišalj na otoku Krku. Otočić Sveti Marko poslužio je graditeljima za ukopavanje temelja oba luka mosta te kao „nosač“ ceste između dva luka. Velikim lukom premošten je morski tjesnac između Svetog Marka i kopna, „Tihi kanal“, a malim lukom, između Svetog Marka i Krka, „Burni kanal“.

Predio na kojem je most izgrađen je otvoren sa sjeverne strane i podložan snažnim udarima bure zbog čega se most ponekad zatvara.

Dubina mora ispod mosta kreće se do 60 metara s time da je veća ispod duljeg luka tj. između kopna i Svetog Marka.

Povijest

Postojala je teza kako je još u srednjem vijeku postojao most, pretpostavljalo se drveni, koji je povezivao Krk s kopnom. U prilog tome je išla činjenica da su tadašnji vladari Krka, Frankopani postupno širili svoje posjede na obližnje kopno (Novi Vinodolski, Trsat, Modruš...). Ta je teorija svoje uporište imala u izvještaju prvog mletačkog upravitelja otokom Krkom Antonia Vinciguerre iz 1481. godine u kojem piše: ...„et stringes (Veglia) cum la terra ferma in una ponta per distantia di mezo miglio.“. Međutim, radi se zapravo o krivom tumačenju tog izvještaja; „stringesi“ zapravo znači „stiska se“, a ne „spaja se“, a riječ „ponta“ označava „oštar vrh“, „izbočinu“, a ne most jer bi tada trebalo pisat „ponte“. Iz riječi „ponta“ kasnije je u talijanskom jeziku nastala riječ „punta“.

Prve konkretne ideje o mostovnom povezivanju otoka Krka s kopnom pojavile su se nakon Prvog svjetskog rata. Tada je obližnja Rijeka pripala Italiji pa njezinu ulogu važne luke preuzima Sušak. Ideja je bila izgraditi dio lučkih terminala na području Malinske na Krku, a preduvijet tome je bilo povezivanje otoka s kopnom.Bečka tvrtka „Wagner-Biro“ napravila je projekt čeličnog mosta oslonjenog na više stupova utemeljenih u morskom dnu. Projekat nije ostvaren zbog teške gospodarske situacije.

Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata obnovljena je ideja o gradnji mosta. 1960. godine počela je izrada studija koje su predlagale više vrsta mostova pa čak i gradnju tunela ispod mora. Na poslijetku je izabrano rješenje betonsko-lučnog mosta preko otočića Sveti Marko, beogradskog projektanta Ilije Stojadinovića i njegovih suradnika Vukana Njagulja i Bojana Možine.

Izgradnja
Radovi na izgradnji mosta su započeli u srpnju 1976. godine, pod pokroviteljstvom predsjednika tadašnje SFR Jugoslavije Josipa Broza Tita. Most su gradila poduzeća Mostogradnja i Hidroelektra četiri godine, te je svečano otvoren 19. srpnja 1980. godine.

Podaci o mostu

Duljina mosta s prilazima je 1430 m.

Ono čime se most isticao jest betonski luk od kopna do otočića Sveti Marko, duljine 390 metara, čime je u vrijeme izgradnje postao najveći takav most na svijetu. Za 85 m luk je nadmašio dotada najveći na mostu u Sydneyu. No 1995. godine nadmašio ga je most Wanxian preko rijeke Jangce u Kini čiji luk iznosi 420 metara. Međutim, veliki luk je još uvijek najdulji armirano-betonski luk na svijetu.

U prvih 20 godina mostom je prešlo 27,2 milijuna vozila.

Ljeti mostom u jednom danu prijeđe do 28.000 vozila.

17. siječnja 1987. godine u 19:25 sati na mostu je zabilježen udar bure od 220 km/h.

U most su ugrađene i cijevi Jadranskog naftovoda koji započinje u obližnjem Omišaljskom terminalu, te vodovodne cijevi kojima se opskrbljuje industrija na području općine Omišalj. 2008. godine dograđene su još dvije cijevi za vodu, jedna za pitku vodu iz riječkog vodovodnog sustava, a zbog povećanih potreba za vodom na otoku naročito u ljetnim mjesecima, i druga za industrijska postrojenja INA-e koja uzima tehničku vodu iz Tribaljskog jezera u Vinodolu.

Krčki most

Nadležnost
Most je dio državne ceste D102. Do rujna 2007. godine most je bio pod ingerencijom državne firme „Hrvatskih ceste“, a od tada je pod koncesijom također državne tvrtke, „Autocesta Rijeka-Zagreb“.

Mostarina
Mostarina se plaća samo s kopnene strane prema Krku. Mostarina je trebala biti ukinuta kada se troškovi izgradnje otplate, ali to nije učinjeno. To je s vremenom počelo izazivati velike nelagode pa i sukobe naročito između žitelja otoka i „Hrvatskih cesta“ koje su tada upravljale mostom. Rezultat toga je oslobađanje plaćanja mostarine za otočane. Krčki most je jedini most u Republici Hrvatskoj na kojem se naplaćuje mostarina iako je dobit od naplate već višestruko isplatila sredstva uložena u njegovu gradnju.

Održavanje i planovi za izgradnju novog mosta
Iako se zbog snažnih udara bure most tijekom godine često zatvara za određene skupine vozila, ponekad i za sav promet, novija istraživanja ukazuju da bura nije najveća prijetnja mostu, već je to sol.
Očito godinama nedovoljno održavan unatoč tome što je donosio velike prihode, sol je nanjela znatne štete mostovnoj konstrukciji. Naime, sol nagriza beton i stvara pukotine kroz koje ulazi sve dublje pa i do armature, a stvorene pukotine u zimskim mjesecima se i znatno povećavaju djelovanjem leda. Prema neslužbenim podacima, šteta prouzročena zbog soli i neadekvatnog održavanja je tolika da je sanacija mosta neisplativa.
Zbog toga, ali i zbog proširenja lučkih terminala na Krku te zbog sve većeg prometa postojećim mostom, posljednjih godina se razmatra gradnja potpuno novog mosta i zatvaranje postojećeg. Novi most ne bi se gradio na mjestu sadašnjega nego kilometar južnije na području gdje se zapravo otok Krk, točnije njegov poluotok Lanterna, najviše približio kopnu, na svega 600-tinjak metara. Novi Krčki most imao bi 4 prometne trake kojima bi išla autocesta do iza Malinske, te željezničku prugu koja bi vodila do budućeg kontejnerskog terminala kraj Omišlja.

Izvor: wikipedia.org

Street Art Festival - Dugave 2011

2011-09-01T20:57:00.000+02:00

date: 01.09.2011. - 15.09.2011.
place: Zagreb; Dugave
organiser: MUU
url: http://www.muu.com.hr

The Street Art Festival is a new project by the Street Art Museum – MUU during which about 30 painters and conceptual artists from Zagreb's Dugave neighbourhood will try to make the biggest street museum in Croatia between September 1 and 15.

Taking the city as its canvas, the project uses space in pursuit of creative dialogue among visitors, art and the urban landscape. Organizers hope that the museum and activities undertaken under its auspices will offer a unique experience for tourists visiting Croatia.

The idea is to take often neglected city streets and buildings and turn them into art spaces.

What is MUU?
'Street Art Museum (MUU) is a project dedicated to forming a more coherent street art scene in Croatia, and raise people awareness about street art and it's esthetic, cultural and social value.
Street Art Museum doesn’t have it’s own space, working hours or pompous exhibition openings. It’s all about urban interventions and how they reflect our reality and the impact that they have on our surroundings.

Our aim is to bring art into neglected parts of the city where there is no cultural content. Since culture bears great importance in society growth this is our priority. By changing the city we are changing people as well..'

Text: MUU
(Source: HINA / MUU)
(D.H., 31.08.2011)

Muzej ulične umjetnosti - Dugave 2011

2011-09-01T20:38:00.000+02:00

vrijeme: 01.09.2011. - 15.09.2011.
mjesto: Zagreb; Dugave
organizator: Muzej ulične umjetnosti
url: http://www.muu.com.hr

Street Art Festival novi je projekt Muzeja ulične umjetnosti, u okviru kojega će od 1. do 15. rujna, u Dugavama, tridesetak likovnih i konceptualnih umjetnika od te novozagrebačke četvrti pokušati napraviti najveći ulični muzej u Hrvatskoj.

Muzej ulične umjetnosti ove je godine otišao preko Save zbog nedostatka kulturnih sadržaja u Novom Zagrebu, a Dugave su odabrane jer, iako su izgrađene kao 'kvart za budućnost', u njih se nikada nije ulagalo, rekla je Ivana Vukšić, direktorica Muzeja.

Osim murala na Dječjem vrtiću Tratinčica i Osnovnoj školi Dugave te u podzemnim garažama i prolazima, održat će se i više 'site-specific' radova, među ostalim i 3D 'mapping' na dugavljanskim fasadama dvojca Kiborz iz Srbije, koji će se održati na dan otvorenja Muzeja 15. rujna.

Projekt Street Art Festivala poseban je jer počinje u trenutku kada se gase svjetla pozornice, on nema rok trajanja i predstavlja najčišću korespodenciju između grada, umjetnika i građana koji u svom susjedstvu dobivaju najrecentnija djela suvremene umjetnosti, napomenula je Vukšić.

Na festivalu će se predstaviti, među ostalima, Puma34, Oko, Ninja Tigera, Sretan Bor, Miron Milić i Lunar iz Hrvatske, Emir Sehanović aka Esh iz BiH, Dem iz Italije, Phlegm iz Velike Britanije i dvojac Jana&JS iz Francuske i Austrije. Muzej će se svečano otvoriti piknikom na livadi ispred osnovne škole, koncert Trešnjevačkih mališana, a nastupit će i DJ Itch.
Festival organizira udruga Centralna jedinica, uz potporu Grada Zagreba, Ministarstva kulture, Ministarstva turizma, Turističke zajednice Grada Zagreba, EUNIC mreže kulturnih foruma u Hrvatskoj, Instituta Otvoreno društvo i Hrvatskog društva likovnih umjetnika.

U prošlogodišnjem projektu Muzeja ulične umjetnosti 'Novo lice Branimirove ulice' sudjelovalo je više od 80 umjetnika i tada je oslikano oko 450 metara zida Hrvatskih željeznica.

(Hina)
(M.K., 30.08.2011)

Counties of Croatia

2011-03-03T08:57:00.010+01:00

The primary territorial subdivisions of the Republic of Croatia called županije (singular: županija). In English are commonly referred to as counties, although the Croatian županija derives from župa meaning a parish (Županija therefore equates linguistically to civil parish in English). The correct Croatian word for county is grofovija, from grof, meaning count.

There is a total of 21 županije, counting in the City of Zagreb which has status equal to that of a županija.

Source: Wikipedia

Founded fragment of Diocletian's tomb?

2011-02-22T16:36:00.004+01:00

SPLIT

- During the actual conservation and restoration works in Split, very close to the Mausoleum inside the famous Roman Emperor Diocletian's Palace, built as his residence 295-305 AD, Croatian archaeologists found a stone fragment for which it is assumed that it was part of the Emperor's lost sarcophagus.

Founded stone is a piece of porphyry, volcanic rock, which in ancient times was appreciated for its special red and deep purple colors and composition suitable for carving. It is considered the "imperial stone", and was called "imperial porphyry". According to old records, Diocletian was buried in a porphyry sarcophagus set in the middle of his mausoleum, the present day Split Cathedral. Tradition says the sarcophagus, along with many other porphyry sculptures and details, has been destroyed or thrown into the sea. In possession of the Archaeological Museum in Split there are several pieces porphyry stones found on the Palace premises. According to Split archaeologists more about the findings will be known for at least two months. Founded fragment probably comes from the quarry at Mons Porphyritis (Mountain porphyry, the Arabic Jabal Abu Dukhan) in Egypt, which seems to have been worked intermittently between 29 and 335 AD. (ico)

Assumed original appearance of the Mausoleum of Diocletian with the missing Emperor's porphyry sarcophagus

Pronađen ulomak Dioklecijanovoga groba?

2011-02-22T16:16:00.018+01:00

SPLIT

- Za vrijeme tekućih konzervatorskih i restauratorskih radova u blizini Mauzoleja u Dioklecijanovoj palači u Splitu, koju je slavni rimski car dao izgraditi 295-305. godine za svoju umirovljeničku vilu, arheolozi su pronašli jedan kameni ulomak za kojega se pretpostavlja da je dio careva izgubljenoga sarkofaga.

Pronađeni kameni ulomak je od porfira, vulkanskog kamena, koji je u antici bio posebno cijenjen zbog crveno-tamnoljubičaste boje, i njegove pogodnosti za klesanje. Smatran je carskim kamenom, i bio je zvan carski porfir. Prema starim zapisima, Dioklecijan je bio pokopan u porfirnom sarkofagu postavljenom nasred njegova mauzoleja, današnje splitske Prvostolnice. Predaja kaže kako je carev kameni grob, uz ostale mnoge porfirne skulpure i pojedinosti iz Palače, uništen ili bačen u more. U posjedu Arheološkog muzeja u Splitu postoji više komada porfirnog kamenja nađenih na prostoru Dioklecijanove palače. Po riječima splitskih arheologa o nalazu će se znati nešto više za oko dva mjeseca. Nađeni ulomak najvjerojatnije potječe iz kamenoloma na Mons Porphyritisu (Porfirna gora, arapski Jabal Abu Dukhan) u Egiptu, koji je najvjerojatnije bio korišten bez prekida od 29. do 335. godine. (ico)

Pretpostavljeni izvorni izgled mauzoleja cara Dioklecijana s nestalim carevim sarkofagom od porfira

Turopolje Museum

2011-02-21T17:41:00.005+01:00

VELIKA GORICA

- Founded in 1960, the Turopolje Museum is concerned with the preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of the historic Turopolje, Pokuplje, Posavina and Vukomeričke gorice regions. The Museum is housed in a building dating from 1750, which previously served as the town hall of the Noble Commune of Turopolje. It is situated in the centre of Velika Gorica, on the eastern edge of the main park. This two-storey building with a colonnade on the ground floor was built in a Baroque style with elements of the traditional Turopolje architectural style. Assemblies called “spravišća” were once held in the large hall on the upper floor. The rooms next to the hall were archives where the important documents of the Noble Commune were kept. The ground floor at one time housed prison cells.

The Museum has a collection comprising some 3,500 objects and over 10,000 photographical records. The Museum library has around 700 volumes on subjects relating to the region's history.

Source: Wikipedia

Muzej Turopolja

2011-02-21T17:39:00.002+01:00

VELIKA GORICA

- Na starom velikogoričkom trgu nalazi se barokna vijećnica Plemenite općine turopoljske, zvana i Turopoljski grad, sagrađena 1765. godine na mjestu.

Muzej Turopolja smješten je na starom velikogoričkom trgu u baroknoj vijećnici, bivšem sjedištu Plemenite općine Turopoljske, tzv. Turopoljskom Gradu, u kojoj je stolovao i turopoljski župan. To je građevina iz baroknog razdoblja podignuta 1750. godine na mjestu ranije drvene zgrade koja je srušena

Muzej je osnovan 1960. godine. Fundus Muzeja Turopolja broji oko 3.500 predmeta podijeljenih u četiri zbirke: etnografska, arheološka, kulturno povijesna i likovna. Muzej Turopolja spada u muzeje zavičajnog tipa, te brine o kulturnom nasljeđu Turopolja, Pokuplja, Posavine i Vukomeričkih gorica. Fototeka Muzeja broji oko 10.000 fotografija, negativa i dijapozitiva, a muzejska stručna biblioteka oko 700 naslova.

Stalni postav Muzeja Turopolja zauzima čitav gornji kat muzejske zgrade i njega sačinjava oko 350 izložaka iz svih četiri ranije spomenutih zbirki. U prizemlju muzejske zgrade nalazi se izložbena dvorana za povremene izložbe, te dio muzejskih depoa za čuvanje predmeta iz fundusa.

muzej-turopolja.hr

National and University Library in Zagreb

2011-02-21T17:36:00.001+01:00

ZAGREB

- National and University Library in Zagreb (Croatian: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu, NSK; formerly Nacionalna i sveučilišna biblioteka u Zagrebu, NSB) is the national library of Croatia and central library of the University of Zagreb.

The national library was founded in 1607. Its primary mission is the development of the national literary corpus. It has around 2.5 million books.

NSK is currently located in a standalone building in the center of Trnje on the Hrvatske bratske zajednice street, where it moved in 1995. The building is the work of renowned Croatian architects Velimir Neidhardt, Marijan Hržić, Zvonimir Krznarić and Davor Mance, and its construction took six years (1978-1984).

Source: Wikipedia

Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu

2011-02-21T17:35:00.001+01:00

ZAGREB

- Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu (NSK) je javna ustanova koja obavlja knjižničnu i informacijsku djelatnost nacionalne knjižnice Republike Hrvatske i središnje knjižnice Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Osnovana je 1607. godine. U novu se zgradu preselila 1995. godine. NSK ima nekoliko djelatnosti: izgrađivanje i organiziranje hrvatske nacionalne zbirke knjižnične građe; čuvanje i obnavljanje knjižnične građe, te izdavanje, izlaganje i promoviranje novih naslova.

Knjižnica ima oko 2,5 milijuna svezaka knjiga. U njenim prostorima nalazi se, među ostalom građom, i vrijedna zbirka knjiga poznata pod nazivom Bibliotheca Zriniana, koju je utemeljio hrvatski ban Nikola Zrinski Čakovečki (1620.-1664.g.), izdavši i stručni katalog o njoj 1662. godine.

U razdoblju između 1982. i 1987. iz najveće hrvatske biblioteke ukradeno je oko 1300 knjiga, veduta, grafika, karata i ilustracija izdanja iz 16., 17. i 18. stoljeća. Radilo se o organiziranoj krađi starih i rijetkih (jedinstvenih) knjiga neprocjenjive vrijednosti, radi preprodaje na crnom tržištu. Većina knjiga je nepovratno izgubljena. NSK je u svojemu odštetnom zahtjevu navela štetu od milijun tadašnjih njemačkih maraka (910 tisuća maraka za knjige i 98 tisuća maraka za ilustracije).

Izvor: Wikipedia

Hippodrome Zagreb

2011-02-21T17:32:00.005+01:00

ZAGREB

- The Hippodrome Zagreb was made to gather huge horse lovers and owners of English and European horses of a fine lineage; with the purpose to work with horses, make recreational activities, exercises and competitions. At the Hippodrome Zagreb you will be able to see the most faster horses, descendants of Turk, Darley Arabian y Godolphin Barb breeds compete for the big prize.

The Hippodrome Zagreb also offers services of riding school, self-riding rental, horse stables rents and pony walks for children. For more information we suggest you to visit its official web site to know more about activities, ticket prices and racing days. Besides, this venue has also been headquarters of many concerts like latest Metallica’s world tour or the next Guns n’ Roses’ show.

Horse race is one of the most popular and oldest sports that are known in Zagreb. At first, horse owners where the ones that ran and trained with their horses. The history of horse tracking is about speed test performed between 2 or more thoroughbred horses. Nowadays there are several types of races: flat racing, trotting, hurdles races and cross country racing. The rapport between rider and horse is paramount to the smooth running of the race. Each country has a different schedule competitions and races. Horse races are controlled by judges and cameras that record the entire race
If you come to Zagreb on business or to visit the city as a tourist destination and you want to attend to an original, exciting and remarkable sport event during your holiday in Zagreb, then you should visit the Hippodrome Zagreb which offers recreational horse races every weekend during all year.

Source: zagreb.visitalltheworld.com

Hipodrom u Zagrebu

2011-02-21T17:29:00.005+01:00

ZAGREB

- Konjičke utrke su zaštitni znak svih svjetskih hipodroma tako i Hipodroma u Zagrebu. Natjecanja iz skupine Croatia kupa u preponskom jahanju održavaju se u Hrvatskoj od 1992. godine. U 2005. godini, Croatia kup je po prvi put organizirana na nekoliko novih lokacija, a domaćin prvog kola Croatia kupa je bio Hipodrom Zagreb.

Preponsko jahanje je disciplina koja u Hrvatskoj okuplja najviše natjecatelja, tako su i natjecanja u toj olimpijskoj disciplini vrlo značajna. Jedno od takvih je i Međunarodni lipanjski turnir zajedno s Prvenstvom Hrvatske u preponskom jahanju koji se smatra središnjim natjecanjem hrvatskog konjičkog sporta.

Hipodrom u Zagrebu svojim korisnicima nudi slijedeće usluge:

* početni i napredni tečaj, te sportsko i rekreativno jahanje
* najam konja sa jahačem
* smještaj konja – smještaj, njega i prehrana konja
* korištenje objekata za trening
* održavanje sportskih priredbi
* organizirani posjeti – vrtići, škole...
* najam zemljišta za održavanje svadbi, koncerata, evenata, promocija...
* zakup dvorane
* zakup kočije (za vjenčanja, promocije i ostale prigode) i vožnja po hipodromu
* škola jahanja

Izvor: idemvan.hr

HNK Hajduk Split, 100 godina (2)

2011-02-14T22:10:00.017+01:00

SPLIT

- Sedmo desetljeće prošlog stoljeća za Hajduka je značilo osvajanje devet najviših državnih naslova u deset godina: 4 naslova državnoga prvaka i 5 uzastopnih osvajanja naslova pobjednika državnoga kupa, što je uspjeh svjetskih razmjera. Prvi put nakon šesnaest godina uzaludnih pokušaja, osvojeno je 1971. prvenstvo pobjedom nad Partizanom 4:3 u Beogradu, nakon vodstva beogradskog domaćina s 3:0. Ista godina zabilježena je i pamti se po nemirima u Splitu nakon prekida utakmice s OFK Beogradom, izazvanog pogotkom u glavu suca Pavla Ristića koji je nekoliko puta tijekom utakmice oštetio Hajduka. Nakon odluke da se utakmica upiše pobjedom OFK Beograd 3:0, Splićani su u golemom broju izašli na ulice pokazujući ljubav prema svome klubu, Splitu i Hrvatskoj, i neslaganje s nanesenom sportskom nepravdom. Automobili s beogradskim registarskim pločicama i pripadnici JNA bili su na udaru, te je nekoliko vozila i pripadnika Jugoslavenske ratne mornarice završilo u - moru! Hajdukove zastave sa šahovnicom u grbu, javno su se zavijorile. Burni protesti na granici građanske pobune i neposluha i žalbom Hajduka završili su bilježenjem te utakmice učinkom u trenutku prekida, 2:2.

Iste godine osvojen je Kup, pobjedom nad Dinamom 2:1. Najveće zasluge za tadašnje uspjehe "Bilih" imao je trener Tomislav Ivić. Tri osvojena prvenstva i četiri kupa, njegova su zasluga. Vrijeme je to Hajdukovih najvećih probitaka u međunarodnim natjecanjima, od kojih je zasigurno najveći poluzavršnica u Kupu pobjednika kupova 1972/73 kad je izbačen iz natjecanja od Leeds Uniteda, nakon poraza u Leedsu s minimalnih 1:0 i 0:0 u Splitu. Koliko je Hajduk tada bio jak pokazuje učinak pobjede nad državnim prvakom Partizanom iz Beograda 1976, 6:1. Ipak, do naslova taj je klub došao pristranim suđenjem u svoju korist, kad je novosadski sudac Maksimović čekao s okončanjem utakmice u Ljubljani sve dok Partizan nije postigao gol. Pobjeda desetljeća za Hajduk i Split, medjutim, svakako je klupsko preseljenje 1979. na novi gradski olimpijski stadion poznat kao Poljudska ljepotica s 35,000 sjedaćih mjesta. I danas, nakon više od trideset godina od izgradnje i uporabe, taj stadion mnogočime izaziva divljenje stručnjaka i posjetitelja.

ZANIMLJIVOSTI

* Vlastima imperijalističke Austro-Ugarske Monarhije naziv Hajduk bio je previše izazivački, ali je prošao nakon klupskog objašnjenja da "...vojaci koji igraju nogomet mogu puno više pretrčati pod punom ratnom spremom...".

* Prvi Hajdukov gol uopće postignut je koljenom Šime Rauniga.

* Iako izrađen neposredno po osnutku 1911. i predstavljen prvi put javno 1926, prvi put su igrači Hajduka imali na majicama grb s hrvatskom šahovnicom tek 1941-1944. i zatim ponovno od 1991. Kroz razdoblje komunizma izbačen je pridjev "Hrvatski".

* Hajduk nikad nije mijenjao svoje ime.

* "Mitski" susret Hajduka bio je onaj sa gostujućim njemačkim HSV-om 1980, tada vrhunskom europskom momčadi, kada je nakon sjajne Hajdukove utakmice na Poljudu, HSV prošao dalje zahvaljujući golu u gostima.

* U zimskoj stanci 1952/53. Hajduk je bio na gostovanju po Južnoj Americi. Argentinski predsjednik Juan Peron, zadivljen igrama Bilih, zamolio je igrače i vodstvo da nastave gostovati u toj državi pozvavši ih svih zajedno u njegovu vilu za odmor. Jugoslavenski predsjednik Josip Broz Tito je odobrio, iskoristivši to za zbližavanje dviju država. Nakon ukazane pažnje uglednog predsjednika Perona, Hajdukovci su zakasnili vratiti se povratnim zrakoplovnim letom jednim od rijetkih međukontinentalnih u to doba. Fudbalski savez Jugoslavije (FSJ), međutim, nije imao razumijevanja, te Hajdukove utakmice nije želio odgoditi. Iz tog razloga Hajduka su na povratku umjesto jugoslavenskog priznanja dočekala jugoslavenska poniženja i krađe. Na početnim utakmicama proljetnog dijela državnoga prvenstva, s BSK-om u Splitu (poraz) i sa Spartakom u Subotici (neriješeno), za Hajduk su morali igrati juniori i isluženi igrači, veterani. To je Hajduka koštalo novoga naslova prvaka. Hajdukovci su pri povratku glatko u Beogradu porazili Crvenu zvezdu s 4:1, ali je beogradski klub odnio naslov prvaka. Hajduk je svojim "dišpetom" i moralnom pobjedom ipak pokazao tko je bio (naj)bolji u prvenstvu Jugoslavije u tom trenutku.

<< natrag - dalje >>

HNK Hajduk Split, 100 godina (1)

2011-02-11T20:00:00.015+01:00

SPLIT

- Hrvatski nogometni klub Hajduk Split osnovan je 13. veljače 1911. u Splitu. Zamisao o osnutku rodila se među splitskim studentima u Pragu, Češka.
Osim sportskog duha, u toj skupini vladao je i domoljubni duh otpora prema Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji, koja nije dozvoljavala stvarno ujedinjenje Kraljevine Dalmacije s Kraljevinom Hrvatskom i Slavonijom. Stoga se u punom nazivu našao i pridjev "Hrvatski". Glavni dio klupskoga grba postala je šahovnica, hrvatski grb. Razmišljalo se o nazivu kluba: Mosor, Marjan, Borac, Uskok, Velebit i drugima. Usvojenom nazivu kluba HAJDUK kumovao je jedan splitski domoljubni profesor, Josip Barač. Njemu su ti isti oduševljeni studenti jednom naglo i bučno upali u ured. Oslovio ih je od milja hajducima, po usvojenom pojmu 'hajduk' za odmetnika, buntovnika, borca protiv otomanskih Turaka i općenito svih zavojevača. Navijači Hajduka od početka su bili prohrvatski građani Splita.

Prvu utakmicu Hajduk je igrao 1911. u Splitu sa suparničkom gradskom talijanaškom momčadi Calcio Split, zabilježivši prvu pobjedu (9:0).

Prvo gostovanje bilo je u Zagrebu 1912. Domaćin HAŠK nanio je Hajduku prvi poraz s 3:2.

Prvi put igrao je Hajduk u ligi Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1923, ne bilježeći pohvalne učinke. Za utjehu, tada je imao prvo inozemno gostovanje u Marseilleu, pobijedivši s 3:2 već onda čuveni Olympique. To je bilo i vrijeme Hajdukovih prvih gostovanja izvan Europe, po sjevernoj Africi.

Hajduk je bio izabrana momčad Jugoslavije, u susretu s Čehoslovačkom, 1924. Klub-reprezentacija Hajduka je bio i u razdoblju od 1944-1945, pod imenom Hajduk-NOVJ.

Naslov prvaka stekao je prvi put 1927.

Prvo gostovanje na sjevernoameričkom kontinentu imao je Hajduk 1931. u SAD.

Godine 1933. izgrađen je Dom Hajduka, uz igralište koje je nastalo još 1911. (Kraljeva njiva, Igralište kod Plinare, Kod stare murve). Te iste godine klub je postigao jednu od svojih najvećih pobjeda (7:1) u susretu sa zagrebačkim HAŠK-om. Svih sedam golova zabio je jedan igrač, Vlado Kragić zvani Kalun (na dalmatinskom: top).

Diktaturom iz Beograda 1929. zabranjuje se Hajduku naziv Hrvatski, te postaje Jugoslavenski nogometni klub.

Nakon osvajanja prvenstva Banovine Hrvatske 1940/41, kroz vrijeme talijanskoga zauzimanja Splita 1941-1943, Hajduk odbija sudjelovati u prvenstvu fašističke Italije. Isto se dogodilo nakon kapitulacije Italije, kad je uspostavljena vlast Nezavisne države Hrvatske. Prethodno potpadanje Splita i obalne Dalmacije pod talijansku vlast nije moglo biti oprošteno službenom Zagrebu, i Hajduk odbija sudjelovati u prvenstvu NDH. Štoviše, momčad 1944. tajno odlazi na otok Vis, tada pod nadzorom mornaričkih i zrakoplovnih savezničkih snaga SAD i V. Britanije, u prisustvu Narodnooslobodilačke vojske Jugoslavije.

Hajduk u izbjeglištvu, pridružen vrhovnom stožeru NOVJ kao vojna reprezentacija Jugoslavije, bilježi sjajne igre i pobjede nad vojnim nogometnim momčadima smještenima u Italiji. Povijesna je ona u talijanskom gradu Bariju, kad je Hajduk pred 50,000 gledatelja pobijedio u prijateljskom susretu odabranu vrstu V. Britanije. Umjesto grba sa šahovnicom, momčad od te utakmice na majicama nosi crvenu petokraku zvijezdu, sve do 1990. Komunistički jugo-unitarizam oduzeo je Hajduku i pridjev Hrvatski, te se klub pisao kao NK Hajduk. To nije omelo Hajduk da osvoji prvo poslijeratno hrvatsko prvenstvo 1946, a prema najnovijim saznanjima i 1945.

U to vrijeme je pokrenut časopis Hajdukov Vjesnik. Hajduk posjećuje Australiju 1948/49 i time postaje prvi klub iz Jugoslavije koji se obreo na svim kontinentima. Godinu kasnije Hajduk osvaja prvenstvo Jugoslavije bez ijednog poraza, što je divljenja vrijedno i dan danas. Uoči susreta s beogradskom Crvenom Zvezdom, navijači Hajduka 1950. prvi u Europi osnivaju udrugu pod nazivom Torcida. Slijede podla nesportska ometanja iz političkih središta moći, prvenstveno Beograda, od početka 50-ih do kasnih 60-ih. Mnogi uzrok tome vide u činjenici što je Hajduk diktatoru Titu, svome dugogodišnjem simpatizeru, rekao "ne" na njegovu ponudu da se klub doslovce preseli u Beograd, i da bude jugoslavenski vojni nogometni klub.

Hajdukove zlatne godine bile su 1970-1980.

<< natrag - dalje >>

Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

2011-02-07T13:47:00.002+01:00

VELIKA GORICA

- This lemon-coloured church is set in a pleasant park in a residential side-street just to one side of the town centre. On its front is the Turopolje coat of arms and a statue of the Saint Lucy, patron saint of the Turopolje region. The church dates back to 1334 when a wooden chapel stood on this site. It was fully rebuilt in stone in the 17th century following an attack by the Ottoman armies and completely rebuilt again in 1880 after a devastating earthquake. Architect Herman Bolle, responsible for some of Zagreb's finest buildings and for its glorious cemetery, was responsible for the design of today’s church. The interior is richly decorated and has sky-blue vaults spangled with stars.

InYourPocket.com

Crkva Navještenja Blažene Djevice Marije

2011-02-07T13:44:00.005+01:00

VELIKA GORICA

- Kad iz bilo kojeg pravca dolazite u Veliku Goricu, iznad svih krovova uvijek će vam se pogled prvo zaustaviti na tornju župne crkve Navještenja Blažene Djevice Marije.
Stoljeća prolaze, a ona uspravno stoji, čuvajući povijest u svojim zidovima, upirući s vrha svog tornja zaštitnički pogled po ravnom Turopolju. Povijest župne crkve usko je povezana s poviješću ljudi koji su tu živjeli. Velika Gorica kao naselje spominje se 1288. g., a župna crkva 1334. godine u popisu župa Zagrebačke biskupije, iako je postojala i ranije. Bila je to mala drvena kapela koja je u 16. st. stradala za vrijeme turskih provala. Kad je opasnost minula, bila je obnovljena, ali je ubrzo postala premalena za potrebe župljana. Godine 1679. sagrađeno joj je predvorje.

Nova crkva sagrađena je do 1700. godine. Kad je brigu o uzdržavanju župne crkve preuzela Plemenita općina turopoljska, ona je 1757. godine donijela odluku da se crkva proširi dogradnjom dviju bočnih kapela sv. Antuna Padovanskog i Srca Isusova. Radovi su završeni 1781. godine. Kad je 1800. godine Zagreb i okolicu pogodio potres, stradala je i velikogorička crkva. Obnova je povjerena zagrebačkom arhitektu Hermanu Bolleu koji joj je podario novi izgled unutrašnjosti. On je tada barokni zvonik zamijenio osmerokutnim s piramidalnim tornjem koji se vitkošću uzdizao iznad turopoljske ravnice. Velika obnova crkve učinjena je nakon 2. svjetskog rata, ali se nije poštivala izvornost u obnovi. Temeljito uređenje uz vraćanje prvobitnog izgleda sa svim detaljima završeno je 1997. godine kada je zablistala u svoj svojoj ljepoti.

TZVG

Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

2011-02-07T12:43:00.002+01:00

VUKOVINA

- This rather lovely church is unusual for the red decorative elements brightening up its white façade. As well as a metal onion-shaped spire, the nave is circular in shape and is topped off with a bell-shaped dome. This pilgrim’s church has been here since 1520, and before that a wooden chapel stood on the site. The interior is adorned in Baroque style and contains a miraculous statue of the Virgin Mary.

Source: InYourPocket.com

Crkva pohoda Blažene Djevice Marije

2011-02-07T12:42:00.007+01:00

VUKOVINA

- Na mjestu današnje župne crkve nalazila se do sredine 17. stoljeća mala drvena kapela sa zvonikom posvećena Blaženoj Djevici Mariji, ali se već 1630. godine spominje kao proštenjarska kapela. Iz pisanih izvora poznato je da je još 1520. godine imala svog upravitelja radi znamenitosti proštenja iako je pravno spadala pod župu Staro Čiče. Zapisano je da je 1574. godine na zagrebačkoj sinodi uz župnika staročičkog bio i Juraj Dalmata (svećenik glagoljaš) za kojeg se izrijekom kaže da je "plebanus in Vukovina". Već 1668. godine u zapisima nalazimo podatak da su kapela i zvonik zidani. Crkva je imala puno zavjetnih darova od ljudi kojima je Majka Božja Vukovinska pomogla.

Crkva je tijekom vremena puno puta dograđivana. Danas je to jednobrodna kasnobarokno – klasicistička crkva. Na brodu ima kupolu s lanternom, zaobljenu apsidu svetišta i do njega sakristiju. Zvonik je prigrađen. Inventar je iz doba pregradnje i baroka. Temeljito je izvana obnovljena 1988. godine, a nakon deset godina i unutrašnjost čiji vitraji i freske plijene svojom ljepotom.

Izvor: TZVG

Kurija Medven

2011-02-05T22:53:00.003+01:00

MEDVEN DRAGA

- A kurija (type of traditional wooden country house) of the noble family Medven from 1868 is situated in Medven Draga. Kurija is an example of well preserved rural estate from the 18th and 19th centuries. Not far from it in Čunkova Draga next to the river Kupčina is a mill and farm “Medven” which offers room and board. They’ll serve you domestic meals and drinks (herbs brandy, wine, apple vinegar etc.).

Source: TZZZ

Kurija Medven

2011-02-05T22:01:00.007+01:00

MEDVEN DRAGA

- U Medven Dragi se nalazi kurija (stambeno-gospodarski objekt) plemenite obitelji Medven iz 1868. godine, s velikim dvorištem okruženim gospodarskim objektima na ukupno 20.000 m2. Rod Medvena naselili su u ovaj kraj krčki knezovi Frankopani početkom 16. st. i dodijelili im plemićku titulu. Tako se polako počelo stvarati bogatstvo Medvenovih.
Kurija je primjer sačuvanog seoskog imanja iz 18. i 19. stoljeća. Izvan dvorišta nalazi se impresivni sjenik, djelo slovenskih majstora iz 1882. i sjenica iz 1868. g. U gospodarskom dijelu objekta i danas su u funkciji vinski podrum, prešnica s prešom za grožđe iz 1902. g., te rakijašnica s kotlom za pečenje rakije iz 19. st.

Nedaleko kurije u Čunkovoj Dragi uz sami tok rječice Kupčine nalazi se mlin i seosko gospodarstvo "Medven" s mogućnošću smještaja, te raznolikom ponudom domaćih jela i pića (rakija travarica, vino, jabučni ocat, itd.).

Izvor: TZZZ, idemvan.hr

The Church of St. Francis of Assisi

2011-02-03T12:18:00.010+01:00

ZAGREB

- The minster and the church of the same name are located on the north-western side of the kaptol Square, where the square narrows into a street leading north. Although this large-sized church was built in the 13th century, it is possible that the Franciscans had their residence on the same place even earlier. Gothic structure of the interior of this large onenave church with long choir stalls and elongated shrine has not changed much and is considered, in terms of space, as one of the best-quality Franciscan sacral buildings of central Europe. It has a crossribbed arched ceiling. The Chapel of St.Frances is decorated with painted cartouches showing the life of St.Frances and with plastically expressed plant motifs and angels. The early baroque cycle of stucco decoration with elements of mannerism dates from arround 1683. The church and the monastery were thoroughly renovated after the 1880 earthquake, when attempts were made to attain the original Gothic character of the building. A new, high steeple was added to the church then. During the reconstruction, a Chapel of Crucified Jesus was built on the Kaptol side of the church. In 1936, building of so-called Franciscans'Hall, today's Theatre Komedija, started on the southern side of the monastery, between Kaptol and Opatovina. The main neo-gothic altar of the church contains the painting St.Francis, the work of Celestin Medovic. The stained-glass windows in the apses, with motifs inspired by The Flowers of St.Francis, are the work of painter Ivo Dulcic (1960).
Source: Zagreb Tourist Board

Crkva Sv. Franje Asiškog

2011-02-03T12:17:00.009+01:00

ZAGREB

Kompleks samostanske crkve s istoimenim samostanom smješten je na sjeverozapadnoj strani kaptolskog trga, na prostoru gdje se trg sužava u ulicu koja vodi dalje na sjever. Crkva monumentalnih dimenzija izgrađena je u 13. stoljeću, no moguće je da su franjevci već prije na tom mjestu imali svoju rezidenciju. Gotička struktura unutrašnjosti jednobrodne dvoranske crkve velikih dimenzija, dugoga kora te izduženoga svetišta nije se znatnije mijenjala i u prostornom se smislu smatra jednom od najzrelijih franjevačkiih sakralnih građevina srednoeuropskoga kruga. Nadsvođena je križno-rebrastim svodom. Kapela sv. Franje ukrašena je oslikanim kartušama s prikazima iz života sveca te plastično izraženim biljnim motivima i anđelima. Ranobarokni ciklus štukodekoracije s primjesama manirizma nastao je oko 1683. Crkva i samostan temeljito su obnovljeni nakon potresa 1880., kada se nastojao postići izvorni gotički karakter građevine. Tada je crkva dobila i novi visoki zvonik zaključen šiljastim krovom. Za vrijeme obnove, s kaptolske strane crkve uređena je otvorena kapela Raspetoga Isusa. S južne strane samostana, između Kaptola i Opatovine započela je 1936. godine gradnja tzv. Franjevačke dvorane, danas kazališta Komedija. U crkvi, na glavnom neogotičkom oltaru nalazila se slika Sv. Franjo, rad slikara Celestina Medovića. Apsidalni vitraji s motivima nadahnutima Cvjetićima sv. Franje, djelo su slikara Ive Dulčića iz 1960.
Izvor: Turistička zajednica grada Zagreba

Croatia in the 1990s

2010-05-15T23:49:00.000+02:00

Yugoslav Wars (1991-1995)

In 1990, the first free elections were held. A people's movement called the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) won out by a relatively slim margin against the reformed communist Party of Democratic Change (SDP), led by Franjo Tuđman (former general in Tito's Partisan movement) and Ivica Račan (former president of Croatia's League of Communists, the SKH ) respectively. However, Croatia's British-style first-past-the-post election system enabled Tuđman to form the government relatively independently. The HDZ's intentions were to secure independence for Croatia, contrary to the wishes of a part of the ethnic Serbs in the republic, and official politics of Belgrade. The excessively polarized climate soon escalated into complete estrangement between the two nations and even sectarian violence.

In the summer of 1990, Serbs from the mountainous areas where they constituted a majority rebelled and formed a new entity, the so-called Autonomous Region of the Serb Krajina (later the Republic of Serbian Krajina); neither were recognised by a single country outside of their proposed borders. Any intervention by the Croatian police was obstructed by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), now containing a significantly larger percentage of Serbs. The conflict culminated with the log revolution, in which the Krajina Serbs blocked the roads to the tourist destinations in Dalmatia.

The civilian population fled the areas of armed conflict en masse: generally speaking, hundreds of thousands of Croats moved away from the Bosnian and Serbian border areas, while thousands of Serbs moved towards it. In many places, masses of civilians were forced out by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA), who consisted mostly of conscripts from Serbia and Montenegro, and irregulars from Serbia, in what became known as ethnic cleansing.

The border city of Vukovar underwent a three month siege — the Battle of Vukovar — during which most of the city was destroyed and a majority of the population was forced to flee. The city fell to the Serbian forces on November 18, 1991 and the Vukovar massacre occurred.Some historians believe that the city could have been spared and defended, but was left to "fend for itself" to gain sympathy from the west.

Subsequent UN-sponsored cease-fires followed, and the warring parties mostly entrenched. The Yugoslav People's Army retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina where a new cycle of tensions were escalating: the Bosnian War was to start. During 1992 and 1993, Croatia also handled an estimated 700,000 refugees from Bosnia, mainly Bosnian Muslims.

Armed conflict in Croatia remained intermittent and mostly on a small scale until 1995. In early August, Croatia embarked on Operation Storm, this action, though illegal under the UN[citation needed], would not have been initiated if not for the approval from the United States. The Croatian attack quickly reconquered most of the territories from the Republic of Serbian Krajina authorities, leading to a mass exodus of the Serbian population. An estimated 90,000-350,000 Serbs fled shortly before, during and after the operation. As a result of this operation, a few months later the war ended with the negotiation of the Dayton Agreement. A peaceful integration of the remaining Serbian-controlled territories in Eastern Slavonia was completed in 1998 under UN supervision. Majority of the Serbs who fled from the former Krajina have not returned due to fear of being killed, and the Croatian government has done little to encourage Serbs to return.

From an economic view, the Republic (as well as the remainder of Yugoslavia) experienced a serious depression. President Tuđman initiated the process of privatization and de-nationalization in Croatia, however, this was far from transparent and fully legal. The fact that the new government's legal system was inefficient and slow, as well as the wider context of the Yugoslav wars caused numerous incidents known collectively in Croatia as the "Privatization robbery" (Croatian: "privatizacijska pljačka"). Nepotism was endemic and during this period many influential individuals with the backing of the authorities acquired state-owned property and companies at extremely low prices, afterwards selling them off piecemeal to the highest bidder for much larger sums. This proved very lucrative for the new owners, but in the vast majority of cases this (along with the separation from the previously secured Yugoslav markets) also caused the bankruptcy of the (previously successful) firm, causing the unemployment of thousands of citizens, a problem Croatia still struggles with to this day.
This was all helped, not just by the (allegedly purposeful) inadequacy of legal restrictions, but also by the apparently active support of the new Croatia's authorities, ultimately controlled by Tuđman from his strong presidential position. In the end this shed an increasingly negative light, and cast a shadow on his notable successes as a strategist and wartime statesman. Excluding the mostly rural rebel-occupied areas (the so-called Republic of Serbian Krajina), in the last two years of Tuđman's first tenure the detrimental effects of "wild" and unrestricted capitalism had become strikingly visible, with more than 400,000 unemployed citizens, and a significant drop in the GDP per capita, problems Croatia struggles with to this day.

Croatia in the 1990s - Republic of Croatia

The modern period in Croatian history begins in 1990 with the country's change of political and economic system as well as Declaring independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, and obtaining it in 1992.

Following the end of the war, Franjo Tuđman's government started to lose popularity as it was criticized (among other things) for its involvement in suspicious privatization deals of the early 1990s. In 1995, the opposition surprisingly won in the capital of Zagreb, which led to the Zagreb Crisis when Tuđman refused to accept this victory.

Croatia became a member of the Council of Europe on November 6, 1996. 1996 and 1997 were a period of post-war recovery and improving economic conditions.

The remaining part of former "Krajina", areas adjacent to FR Yugoslavia, negotiated a peaceful reintegration process with the Croatian Government. The so-called Erdut Agreement made the area a temporary protectorate of the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium. The area was formally re-integrated into Croatia on January 15, 1998.

Post-Tuđman era

Tuđman died in 1999 and in the early 2000 parliamentary elections, the nationalist HDZ government was replaced by a center-left coalition, with Ivica Račan as prime minister. At the same time, presidential elections were held which were won by a moderate, Stjepan Mesić.

The new Račan government amended the Constitution, changing the political system from a presidential system to a parliamentary system, transferring most executive presidential powers from the president onto the institutions of the Parliament and the Prime Minister. The new government also started several large building projects, including state-sponsored housing and the building of the vital Zagreb-Split Highway.

The country rebounded from a mild recession in 1998/1999 and achieved notable economic growth during the following years. The unemployment rate would continue to rise until 2001 when it finally started falling. Return of refugees accelerated as many homes were rebuilt by the government; most Croats had already returned (except for some in Vukovar), whereas only a third of the Serbs had done so, impeded by unfavorable property laws as well as ethnic and economic issues.

The Račan government is often credited with bringing Croatia out of semi-isolation of the Tuđman era. Croatia became a World Trade Organization (WTO) member on November 30, 2000. The country signed an association agreement with the European Union in October 2001, and applied for membership in February/March 2003.

Later events

In late 2003, new parliamentary elections were held and a reformed HDZ party won under leadership of Ivo Sanader, who became prime minister. After some delay caused by controversy over extradition of army generals to the ICTY, in 2004 the European Commission finally issued a recommendation that the accession negotiations with Croatia should begin. Its report on Croatia described it as a modern democratic society with a competent economy and the ability to take on further obligations, provided it continued the reform process.

The country was given EU applicant status on June 18, 2004 and a negotiations framework was set up in March 2005. Actual negotiations began after the capture of general Ante Gotovina in December 2005, which resolved outstanding issues with the ICTY in the Hague. However, numerous complications stalled the negotiating process, most notably during Slovenia's blockade of Croatia's EU accession from December 2008 until September 2009.

Further issues notwithstanding, the Croatian government and the European Union expect Croatia to become a member of the EU between 2011 and 2012.

In August 2007, Croatia experienced its worst post-war tragedy. During the fires that ravaged its coast, 12 firemen died as a result of a fire on Kornat island.

SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991)

2010-05-14T23:46:00.001+02:00

(Socialist Republic of Croatia)

Croatia was a Socialist Republic part of a six-part Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. Under the new communist system, privately owned factories and estates were nationalized, and the economy was based on a type of planned market socialism. The country underwent a rebuilding process, recovered from World War II, went through industrialization and started developing tourism.

The country's socialist system also provided free apartments from big companies, which with the workers' self-management investments paid for the living spaces. From 1963, the citizens of Yugoslavia were allowed to travel to almost any country because of the neutral politics. No visas were required to travel to eastern or western countries, capitalist or communist nations. Such free travel was unheard of at the time in the Eastern Bloc countries, and in some western countries as well (e.g. Spain or Portugal, both dictatorships at the time). This proved to be very helpful for Croatia's inhabitants who found working in foreign countries more financially rewarding. Upon retirement, a popular plan was to return to live in Croatia (then Yugoslavia) to buy a more expensive property.

In Yugoslavia, the people of Croatia were guaranteed free healthcare, free dental care, and secure pensions. The older generation found this very comforting as pensions would sometimes exceed their former paychecks. Free trade and travel within the country also helped Croatian industries that imported and exported throughout all the former republics. Students and military personnel were encouraged to visit other republics to learn more about the country, and all levels of education, especially secondary education and higher education, were gratis.

The economy developed into a type of socialism called samoupravljanje (self-management), in which workers controlled socially-owned enterprises. This kind of market socialism created significantly better economic conditions than in the Eastern Bloc countries. Croatia went through intensive industrialization in the 1960s and 1970s with industrial output increasing several-fold and with Zagreb surpassing Belgrade for the amount of industry. Factories and other organizations were often named after Partisans who were declared national heroes. This practice also spread to street names, names of parks and buildings and some more trivial features.

Before World War II, Croatia's industry was not significant, with the vast majority of the people employed in agriculture. By 1991 the country was completely transformed into a modern industrialized state. By the same time, the Croatian Adriatic coast had taken shape as an internationally popular tourist destination, all coastal republics (but mostly SR Croatia) profited greatly from this, as tourist numbers reached levels still unsurpassed in modern Croatia. The government brought unprecedented economic and industrial growth, high levels of social security and a very low crime rate. The country completely recovered from WW2 and achieved a very high GDP and economic growth rate, significantly higher than the present-day Republic.

The constitution of 1963 balanced the power in the country between the Croats and the Serbs, and alleviated the fact that the Croats were again in a minority. Trends after 1965 (like the fall of OZNA and UDBA chief Aleksandar Ranković from power in 1966), however, led to the Croatian Spring of 1970–71, when students in Zagreb organized demonstrations for greater civil liberties and greater Croatian autonomy. The regime stifled the public protest and incarcerated the leaders, but this led to the ratification of a new Constitution in 1974, giving more rights to the individual republics.

At that time, radical Ustaše cells of Croatian émigrés in Western Europe planned and guerilla acts inside Yugoslavia, but they were largely countered.

In 1980, after Tito's death, economic, political, and religious difficulties started to mount and the federal government began to crumble. The crisis in Kosovo and, in 1986, the emergence of Slobodan Milošević in Serbia provoked a very negative reaction in Croatia and Slovenia; politicians from both republics feared that his motives would threaten their republics' autonomy. With the climate of change throughout Eastern Europe during the 1980s, the communist hegemony was challenged (at the same time, the Milošević government began to gradually concentrate Yugoslav power in Serbia) and calls for free multi-party elections were becoming louder.

World War II (1941-1945)

2010-05-13T23:45:00.001+02:00

The Axis occupation of Yugoslavia in 1941 allowed the Croatian radical right Ustaše to come into power, forming the "Independent State of Croatia", led by Ante Pavelić, who assumed the role of Poglavnik ("Head-man") Nezavisne Drzave Hrvatske ("Leader of the Independent State of Croatia"). Following the pattern of other fascist regimes in Europe, the Ustashi enacted racial laws, formed eight concentration camps targeting minority Serbs, Romas and Jewish populations, as well as Croatian partisans. The biggest concentration camp was Jasenovac in Croatia. The NDH had a program, formulated by Mile Budak, to purge Croatia of Serbs, by "killing one third, expelling the other third and assimilating the remaining third". The first part of this program began during WWII with a planned genocide in Jasenovac and other locations in the NDH. The main targets for persecution, however, were the Serbs. 700.000s of Serbs were killed.

The anti-fascist communist-led Partisan movement, based on pan-Yugoslav ideology, emerged in early 1941, under the command of Croatian-born Josip Broz Tito, spreading quickly into many parts of Yugoslavia. The 1st Sisak Partisan Detachment, often hailed as the first armed anti-fascist resistance unit in occupied Europe, was formed in Croatia, in the Brezovica forest near the town of Sisak. As the movement began to gain popularity, the Partisans gained strength from Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, Slovenes, and Macedonians who believed in a unified, but federal, Yugoslav state.

By 1943, the Partisan resistance movement had gained the upper hand, against the odds, and in 1945, with help from the Soviet Red Army (passing only through small parts such as Vojvodina), expelled the Axis forces and local supporters. The ZAVNOH, state anti-fascist council of people's liberation of Croatia, functioned since 1944 and formed an interim civil government. NDH's ministers of War and Internal Security Mladen Lorković and Ante Vokić tried to switch to Allied side. Pavelić was in the beginning supporting them but when he found that he would need to leave his position he imprisoned them in Lepoglava prison where they were executed. By the end of 1941 Ustashas seriously negotiated with the Partisans about organising combined Ustashi-Communist government but that failed when Axis states attacked SSSR.

Following the defeat of the Independent State of Croatia at the end of the war a large number of Ustaše, and civilians supporting them (ranging from sympathisers, young conscripts, anti-communists, and ordinary serfs who were motivated by Partisan atrocities) attempted to flee in the direction of Austria hoping to surrender to British forces and to be given refuge. They were instead interned by British forces and then returned to the Partisans. A large number of these persons were killed in what has come to be called the Bleiburg massacre.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)

2010-05-12T23:43:00.002+02:00

(Croatia in the first Yugoslavia)

Shortly before the end of the First World War in 1918, the Croatian Parliament severed relations with Austria-Hungary as the Entente armies defeated those of the Habsburgs. Croatia and Slavonia became a part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs composed out of all Southern Slavic territories of the now former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with a transitional government headed in Zagreb. Although the state inherited much of Austro-Hungary's military arsenal, including the entire fleet, the Kingdom of Italy moved rapidly to annex the state's most western territories, promised to her by the Treaty of London of 1915. An Italian Army eventually took Istria, started to annex the Adriatic islands one by one, and even landed in Zadar. After Srijem left Croatia and Slavonia and joined Serbia together with Vojvodina, which was shortly followed by a referendum to join Bosnia and Herzegovina to Serbia, the People's Council (Narodno vijeće) of the state, guided by what was by that time a half a century long tradition of pan-Slavism and without sanction of the Croatian sabor, joined the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The territory of Croatia largely comprised the territories of the Sava and Littoral Banates.

The Kingdom underwent a crucial change in 1921 to the dismay of Croatia's largest political party, the Croatian Peasant Party (Hrvatska seljačka stranka). The new constitution abolished the historical/political entities, including Croatia and Slavonia, centralizing authority in the capital of Belgrade. The Croatian Peasant Party boycotted the government of the Serbian People's Radical Party throughout the period, except for a brief interlude between 1925 and 1927, when external Italian expansionism was at hand with her allies, Albania, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria that threatened Yugoslavia as a whole.

In the early 1920s the Yugoslav government of Serbian prime minister Nikola Pasic used police pressure over voters and ethnic minorities, confiscation of opposition pamphlets and other measures of election rigging to keep the opposition, and mainly the Croatian Peasant Party and its allies in minority in Yugoslav parliament. Pasic believed that Yugoslavia should be as centralized as possible, creating in place of distinct regional governments and identities a Greater Serbian national concept of concentrated power in the hands of Belgrade.

During a Parliament session in 1928, the Croatian Peasant Party's leader Stjepan Radić was mortally wounded by Puniša Račić, a deputy of the Serbian Radical People's Party, which caused further upsets among the Croatian elite. In 1929, King Aleksandar proclaimed a dictatorship and imposed a new constitution which, among other things, renamed the country the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Political parties were banned from the start and the royal dictatorship took on an increasingly harsh character. Vladko Maček, who had succeeded Radić as leader of the Croatian Peasant Party, the largest political party in Croatia, was imprisoned, and members of a newly emerging insurgent movement, the Ustaše, went into exile. According to the British historian Misha Glenny the murder in March 1929 of Toni Schlegel, editor of a pro-Yugoslavian newspaper Novosti, brought a "furious response" from the regime. In Lika and west Herzegovina in particular, which he described as "hotbeds of Croatian separatism," he wrote that the majority-Serb police acted "with no restraining authority whatsoever." And in the words of a prominent Croatian writer, Shlegel's death became the pretext for terror in all forms. Politics was soon "indistinguishable from gangsterism." Even in this oppressive climate, few rallied to the Ustaša cause and the movement was never able to organise within Croatia. But its leaders did manage to convince the Communist Party that it was a progressive movement. The party's newspaper Proleter (December 1932) stated: "[We] salute the Ustaša movement of the peasants of Lika and Dalmatia and fully support them."

In 1934, King Aleksandar was assassinated abroad, in Marseille, by a coalition of the Ustaše and a similarly radical movement, the Macedonian pro-Bulgarian VMORO. The Serbian-Croatian Cvetković-Maček government that came to power, distanced Yugoslavia's former allies of France and the United Kingdom, and moved closer to Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in the period of 1935-1941. A national Banovina of Croatia was created in 1939 out of the two Banates, as well as parts of the Zeta, Vrbas, Drina and Danube Banates. It had a reconstructed Croatian Parliament which would choose a Croatian Ban and Viceban. This Croatia included a part of Bosnia (region), most of Herzegovina and the city of Dubrovnik and the surroundings.

Personal union with Hungary (1102–1918)

2010-05-11T23:42:00.001+02:00

The consequences of the change to the Hungarian king included the introduction of feudalism and the rise of the native noble families such as Frankopan and Šubić. The later kings sought to restore some of their previously lost influence by giving certain privileges to the towns. The primary governor of Croatian provinces was the ban.

The princes of Bribir from the Šubić family became particularly influential, asserting control over large parts of Dalmatia, Slavonia and Bosnia. Later, however, the Angevins intervened and restored royal power.

Separate coronation as King of Croatia was gradually allowed to fall into abeyance and last crowned king is Charles Robert in 1301 after which Croatia contented herself with a separate diploma inaugurale. The reign of Louis the Great (1342-1382) is considered the golden age of Croatian medieval history. Sigismund of Luxemburg also sold the whole of Dalmatia to Venice in 1409. In 1490 the estates of Croatia declined to recognize Vladislaus II until he had taken oath to respect their liberties, and insisted upon his erasing from the diploma certain phrases which seemed to reduce Croatia to the rank of a mere province. The dispute was solved in 1492.

As the Turkish incursion into Europe started, Croatia once again became a border area. The Croats fought an increasing number of battles and gradually lost increasing swaths of territory to the Ottoman Empire.

The 1526 Battle of Mohács and the death of King Louis II meant the end of Hungarian authority over Croatia. The Hungarian parliament elected János Szapolya as the new king of Hungary. An other Hungarian parliament elected Ferdinand Habsburg as King of Hungary. On the other side, the Croatian parliament, sitting at Cetin on January 1, 1527, unanimously elected Ferdinand Habsburg of Austria as King of Croatia. Few years afterward both crown will be again united in Habsburgs hands and union will be restored. The Ottoman Empire further expanded in the 16th century to include most of Slavonia, western Bosnia and Lika.

Later in the same century, Croatia was so weak that its parliament authorized Ferdinand Habsburg to carve out large areas of Croatia and Slavonia adjacent to the Ottoman Empire for creation of Military Frontier (Vojna Krajina, German Militaergrenze) which will be ruled directly from Vienna military headquarters. The area became rather deserted and was subsequently settled by Serbs, Vlachs, Croats and Germans and others. As a result of their compulsory military service to the Habsburg Empire during conflict with the Ottoman Empire, the population in the Military Frontier was free of serfdom and enjoyed much political autonomy unlike the population living in the parts ruled by Hungary.

After the Bihać fort finally fell in 1592, only small parts of Croatia remained unconquered. The Ottoman army was successfully repelled for the first time on the territory of Croatia following the battle of Sisak in 1593. The lost territory was mostly restored, except for large parts of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina.

By the 1700s, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary , and Austria brought the empire under central control. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was supported by the Croatians in the War of Austrian Succession of 1741–1748 and subsequently made significant contributions to Croatian matters.

With the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, its possessions in eastern Adriatic became subject to a dispute between France and Austria. The Habsburgs eventually secured them (by 1815) and Dalmatia and Istria became part of the empire, though they were in Cisleithania while Croatia and Slavonia were under Hungary.

Croatian romantic nationalism emerged in mid-19th century to counteract the apparent Germanization and Magyarization of Croatia. The Illyrian movement attracted a number of influential figures from 1830s on, and produced some important advances in the Croatian language and culture.

In the Revolutions of 1848 Croatia, driven by fear of Magyar nationalism, supported the Habsburg court against Hungarian revolutionary forces. However, despite the contributions of its ban Jelačić in quenching the Hungarian war of independence, Croatia, not treated any more favourably by Vienna than the Hungarians themselves, lost its domestic autonomy. In 1867 the Dual Monarchy was created; Croatian autonomy was restored in 1868 with the Croatian–Hungarian Agreement which was comparatively favourable for the Croatians.

Kingdom of Croatia (925-1102)

2010-05-10T23:41:00.001+02:00

The first King of Croatia, Tomislav (910–928) of the Trpimirović dynasty, was crowned in 925. Tomislav, rex Croatorum, united the Pannonian and Dalmatian duchies and created a sizeable state. He defeated Bulgarian Tsar Simeon I in battle of the Bosnian Highlands. The medieval Croatian kingdom reached its peak during the reign of King Petar Krešimir IV (1058–1074).

Following the disappearance of the major native dynasty by the end of the 11th century in the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, the Croats eventually recognized the Hungarian ruler Coloman as the common king for Croatia and Hungary in a treaty of 1102 (often referred to as the Pacta conventa).

Medieval Croatian state (until 925)

2010-05-09T23:40:00.000+02:00

The Croats arrived in what is today Croatia in the seventh century. They organized into two dukedoms: the duchy of Pannonian Croatia in the north and the duchy of Littoral Croatia in the south. The biggest part of Christianization of the Croats ended in the 9th century.

Croatian duke Trpimir I (845–864), founder of Trpimirović dynasty, fought successfully against Bulgarians, and against the Byzantine strategos in Zadar. He expanded his state in the east to the Drina River. The first native Croatian ruler recognized by a pope was duke Branimir, whom Pope John VIII called dux Croatorum in 879.

Croatian lands before the Croats (until 7th c.)

2010-05-08T23:14:00.000+02:00

The area known as Croatia today has been inhabited throughout the prehistoric period, since the Stone Age. In the middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals lived in Krapina and Vindija (northwest Croatia) and Mujina pećina (central Dalmatia).

In the early Neolithic period, the Starčevo, Vučedol and Hvar cultures were scattered around the region. The Iron Age left traces of the Hallstatt culture (early Illyrians) and the La Tène culture (Celts).

In recorded history, the area was inhabited by Liburnians and Illyrians, and since the 4th century BC also colonized in the north by the Celts and along the coast by the Greeks, and later by the Romans. The Southern Illyrian kingdom, Illyris, was a sovereign state in modern day Montenegro and Albania until the Romans conquered it in 168 BC. The Western Empire organized the provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia, which after its downfall passed to the Huns, the Ostrogoths and then to the Byzantine Empire. The Croats settled there in the early 7th century.

History of Croatia

2010-05-08T23:10:00.000+02:00

Croatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler (ban) and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the 15th to the 17th centuries was marked by bitter struggles with the Ottoman Empire. After being incorporated in Yugoslavia for most of the 20th century, Croatia regained independence in 1991.

Croatia - Business News

2010-05-04T23:16:00.003+02:00

News from Croatia:

--- CLICK HERE TO READ NEWS FROM CROATIA ---

° Croatian Times
° Portal of the Government of the Republic of Croatia

Real estate market in Croatia

2010-02-04T23:03:00.000+01:00

Croatian Real Estate market is still immature and in transition.
Due to strong demand by foreign buyers, tourist industry growth and new big infrastructure projects, construction activity and property prices have risen all along the Adriatic coastline and in capital Zagreb average 17% in year 2003. Some destinations rise more than 30%.
Lower interest rate on loans for Croatian citizens in august 2004 speed up new apartment price.
All agree: price will rice more as we closing to EU.

However, Croatia Real property prices are still favorable comparing to other European and especially Mediterranean countries.

Spain before 10 years or Mediterranean's next Riviera

As more and more European discover small Mediterranean country in southeast of Europe - more going to find residence on east side of Adriatic See. Still many lands, apartments, simple rural and old stone property waiting for new owners. Croatia have population density 78,5 per km and many undiscovered warm places waiting to be founded. Sea coast of 5835,3 km, especially 4000 km on Croatia islands offer many chances for investing amount in something promising in near future. Port villages, churches and palazzi, all built from the same Dalmatian stone attracting visitors from ancient times seek new owners.
Now, Dalmatia's coast is Mediterranean's next Riviera and hot investment opportunity in west and east.

Croatia - Geography

2010-02-03T20:46:00.001+01:00

Location:
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Geographic coordinates:
45 10 N, 15 30 E

Map:

Area:
total: 56,542 sq km
land: 56,414 sq km
water: 128 sq km

Land boundaries:
total: 1,982 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km

Coastline:
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate:
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain:
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Dinara 1,830 m

Natural resources:
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Land use:
arable land: 25.82%
permanent crops: 2.19%
other: 71.99% (2005)

Irrigated land:
110 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:
105.5 cu km (1998)

Natural hazards:
destructive earthquakes

Environment - current issues:
air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Croatia - Introduction

2010-02-02T20:40:00.000+01:00

Background

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In January 2008, Croatia assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term, and in April 2008 it joined NATO. Croatia is a candidate for eventual EU accession.

Source: www.cia.gov

Wallpapers

2010-02-01T14:20:00.001+01:00

Privatnost

2010-01-30T10:26:00.000+01:00

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Privacy

2010-01-30T01:26:00.001+01:00

Privacy Policy for ____.com

The privacy of our visitors to ____.com is important to us.

At _____.com, we recognize that privacy of your personal information is important. Here is information on what types of personal information we receive and collect when you use and visit _____.com, and how we safeguard your information. We never sell your personal information to third parties.

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